Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for semantically-consistent image style transfer. One of the methods includes: receiving an input source domain image; processing the source domain image using one or more source domain low-level encoder neural network layers to generate a low-level representation; processing the low-level representation using one more high-level encoder neural network layers to generate an embedding of the input source domain image; processing the embedding using one or more high-level decoder neural network layers to generate a high-level feature representation of features of the input source domain image; and processing the high-level feature representation of the features of the input source domain image using one or more target domain low-level decoder neural network layers to generate an output target domain image that is from the target domain but that has similar semantics to the input source domain image.