This application discloses a signal transmission method. The method may include: obtaining, by a terminal, a first configuration parameter; determining, by the terminal based on the first configuration parameter from random access resources separately associated with a plurality of downlink signals, a random access resource used for random access preamble retransmission; and retransmitting, by the terminal, a random access preamble by using the random access resource used for random access preamble retransmission.