Various embodiments described herein use a plurality of capacitor sets (e.g., capacitor banks) in a power backup architecture for an electronic system (e.g., memory sub-system), where each capacitor set can be individually checked against a health condition (e.g., in parallel) to determine their respective health during power-up of an electronic system or during normal operation of the electronic system. In response to determining that at least one capacitor set has failed the health condition (or a certain number of capacitor sets have failed the health condition), the electronic system can perform certain operations prior to primary power loss to the electronic system (e.g., memory sub-system preemptively performs a data backup process to data integrity) and can adjust the operational mode of the electronic system (e.g., memory sub-system switches from read-write mode to read-only mode).