A storage device includes a hardware random number generator configured to generate a random number; a first memory; and a controller configured to control the hardware random number generator and the first memory. The controller is configured to: obtain the random number generated by the hardware random number generator after the storage device is powered up; obtain a first trace log of the storage device; and store, into the first memory, a log resulting from appending the obtained random number to the first trace log, as a second trace log.