A high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet has a composition containing, on a percent by mass basis, C: 0.10% or more and less than 0.20%, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 0.25% to 0.65%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.010% or less, sol. Al: 0.10% or less, N: 0.0065% or less, Cr: 0.05% to 0.50%, and B: 0.0005% to 0.005%, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, the high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet having a microstructure containing ferrite and cementite, in which the percentage of the number of cementite grains having an equivalent circular diameter of 0.1 μm or less is 12% or less based on the total number of cementite grains, the amount of Cr dissolved in the steel sheet is 0.03% to 0.50%, and the high-carbon hot-rolled steel sheet has a hardness of 73 or less in terms of HRB and a total elongation of 37% or more.