Provided is a gas-solid fluidized bed dry beneficiation process using a beneficiation density gradient, including: in a dry beneficiation system of a gas-solid fluidized bed, selecting coarse particles and fine particles; placing the coarse particles at a bottom of the dry beneficiation system, and placing the fine particles above the coarse particles, wherein the coarse particles and the fine particles are separated under an initial condition; under an effect of a gas flow, the coarse particles and the fine particles being fluidized to form a high-density beneficiation region and a low-density beneficiation region, respectively, and the coarse particles and the fine particles being mixed at a contact interface to form an intermediate-density beneficiation region; and feeding minerals to be beneficiated from an upper portion of the dry beneficiation system to pass through the low-density beneficiation region, the intermediate-density beneficiation region, and the high-density beneficiation region in sequence.