Provided are a random access method and device, a user equipment and a storage medium. The method includes: determining listen-before-talk (LBT) priority levels for performing an LBT mechanism corresponding to messages transmitted during a random access process, and/or LBT priority levels of an LBT mechanism corresponding to different physical random access channel (PRACH) formats; and transmitting the messages for random access by means of the determined LBT priority levels corresponding to the messages and/or LBT priority levels corresponding to different PRACH formats after successfully performing the LBT mechanism. In such a way, the problem of the need of optimizing random access for a user equipment in the related art is resolved, thereby optimizing random access and improving the random access success rate.