An organic wastewater treatment method based on a multi-element co-doping TiO2 nano photocatalytic material includes preparing a sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture, hydrothermally reacting the sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture with copper chloride, ammonia, strong alkali, a transition metal salt and the like, reacting the resulting reaction product with hydrofluoric acid, then performing temperature programming thermal treatment in air to obtain the multi-element co-doping TiO2 nano photocatalytic material, and then treating organic wastewater with the multi-element co-doping TiO2 nano photocatalytic material under the irradiation of visible light. The organic wastewater treatment method is efficient and rapid, safe and environmental-friendly, can thoroughly degrade many types of organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen and the like, and does not cause secondary pollution; furthermore, the adopted multi-element co-doping TiO2 nano photocatalytic material can be regenerated and recycled only by simple calcination, and the cost is inexpensive.