The present disclosure relates to an assisted exoskeleton rehabilitation device, comprising: a back structure comprising a back crossbeam, a back supporting panel with an adjustable length, and a shoulder pneumatic muscle element mounted on the back supporting panel; an arm structure; a shoulder joint assembly, by which the arm structure is connected to an upper end of the back structure; and a waist structure. An upper end of the back supporting panel is fixedly connected to the back crossbeam, and a lower end thereof is fixedly connected to the waist structure. The shoulder joint assembly comprises a curved shoulder joint connecting panel, a shoulder traction wheel, a shoulder traction line, a first hinge mechanism and a second hinge mechanism. One end of the shoulder joint connecting panel is connected to the upper end of the arm structure by the first hinge mechanism to form a bend-stretch revolute pair of the shoulder joint, and the other end of the shoulder joint connecting panel is connected to the back crossbeam by the second hinge mechanism to form an abduction-adduction revolute pair and a medial rotation-lateral rotation revolute pair of the shoulder joint assembly, and the shoulder traction wheel is fixed to the upper end of the arm structure. The shoulder traction line is connected at one end to the shoulder traction wheel, and connected to the shoulder pneumatic muscle element at the other end.