An exemplary edge compute orchestration system that is communicatively coupled with a set of edge compute nodes in a communication network accesses performance data aggregated by a particular edge compute node of the set. The performance data includes a performance metric and geolocation data detected by a user equipment (UE) device communicatively coupled to the communication network. The edge compute orchestration system integrates the performance data into a geolocation-indexed performance dataset representative of detected performance metrics, indexed by geolocation, for the communication network. Then, based on the geolocation-indexed performance dataset, the edge compute orchestration system selects the particular edge compute node for performance of an edge compute task. Corresponding systems and methods are also disclosed.