The present invention proposes a coal and gangue separation device, including a first supporting seat, a guide part and multiple material bins. The guide part is hinged with the first supporting seat; the guide part rotates in a vertical direction; and inlets of the plurality of material bins are sequentially distributed on a rotation track of a movable end of the guide part. In the coal and gangue separation device of the present invention, the high-pressure airflow of a high-pressure nozzle does not directly act on the materials, but on grate bar driving mechanisms; and cantilever grate bars are driven to rotate by the grate bar driving mechanisms so as to directionally discharge the mineral aggregate. Therefore, the gangue can accurately enter a gangue collection bin; and the clean coal can accurately enter a clean coal collection bin.