The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving data in a wireless communication system. A method of a base station for transmitting and receiving a synchronization signal includes performing listen-before-talk (LBT) on a channel of a terminal in an unlicensed band, and in case that the LBT succeeds within a window duration for transmitting a synchronization signal block (SSB), transmitting the SSB to the terminal, wherein the window duration includes at least one SSB burst length that is repeated in a specific period and has the specific period as a length of time, and the SSB is transmitted at a specific time within a first SSB burst length of the at least one SSB burst length.