Compositions, articles, and methods for targeted drug delivery, such as thermoresponsive hydrogel polymers, are generally provided. In one aspect, the compositions and articles comprise a thermoresponsive hydrogel polymer comprising a releasable therapeutic agent. In some cases, the compositions described herein have advantageous combinations of properties including mechanical strength, biocompatibility, tunable charge densities, thermal responsiveness, drug loading, and/or configurations for targeted drug delivery. In one embodiment, the composition comprises a solution comprising a thermoresponsive polymer including one or more ligands attached to the polymer, wherein the solution is configured to undergo a sol-to-gel transition under physiological conditions. In another embodiment, the composition comprises a plurality of nanoparticles e.g., associated with the thermoresponsive polymer. In yet another embodiment, the composition comprises a therapeutic agent e.g., associated with the nanoparticles and/or thermoresponsive polymer.