The present disclosure relates to a color-coded cable identification assembly and a cable. The cable identification assembly comprises: a support element including a fixing element adapted to fix the support element to a cable; and a plurality of identification elements, which are detachably mounted on the support element with the cable being located between the support element and the plurality of identification elements. Each identification element has a predetermined color so that the plurality of identification elements are capable of forming a predetermined color code to identify the cable. The cable identification assembly according to the present disclosure can be very easily and rapidly mounted to the cable, thereby greatly saving the installation time of workers and thus reducing the labor cost and the chance of making a mistake. Compared with a conventional adhesive tape, the cable identification assembly according to the present disclosure can meet the requirements such as anti-ultraviolet, anti-aging and reuse, thereby further reducing the cost of the cable identification assembly.