An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for signaling a VPS and a recording medium storing a bitstream are provided. An image decoding method may comprise obtaining first information indicating whether each output layer set (OLS) specified by a video parameter set (VPS) includes only one layer, obtaining second information indicating the number of decoded picture buffer (DPB) parameter syntax structures in the VPS, based on the first information, obtaining the DPB parameter syntax structures in the VPS based on the second information, and managing a DPB based on the DPB parameter syntax structures.