An afterimage compensation device includes: an afterimage area detector to receive an input image, and detect an afterimage area including an afterimage in the input image; an afterimage area corrector to detect a false detection area, and generate a corrected afterimage area, the false detection area being a part of a general area that is not detected as the afterimage area and surrounded in a plurality of directions by the detected afterimage area; and a compensation data generator to adjust a luminance of the corrected afterimage area to generate compensation data.