An electronic device and a method of operating the same are provided. The electronic device includes a communication circuit configured to transmit or receive data using a call channel established through a call connection with an external electronic device, and a processor configured to transmit content, which is pre-processed using a first transmission filter, to the external electronic device through the call channel, receive a first real-time control protocol (RTCP) message transmitted by the external electronic device through the call channel, identify a status of the call channel, based on the first RTCP message, determine whether or not to perform an operation of pre-processing the content to be transmitted to the external electronic device using a second transmission filter, transmit a second RTCP message using the second transmission filter to the external electronic device, and perform transmission of the content, based on the second transmission filter.