Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission method, which meets a requirement for an Ethernet network with diversified rate levels. The method includes: grouping media access control (MAC) layer data into a plurality of MAC layer data groups; allocating, according to a bandwidth required by a target MAC layer data group and a reference bandwidth of a logical channel, at least one target logical channel to the target MAC layer data group; encoding the target MAC layer data group to generate target physical layer data, where the target logical channel corresponds to the target MAC layer data group and the target physical layer data; and sending the target physical layer data and first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate a relationship between the target physical layer data and the target logical channel.