An electronic device including a voltage divider adaptively changing a voltage division ratio is provided. The electronic device comprises a rechargeable battery; a connector configured to connected the electronic device with an external electronic device; a voltage divider comprising a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of switches for switching an electrical path between each of the plurality of capacitors and the rechargeable battery, wherein the voltage divider is configured to provide three or more voltage division ratios; and a processor operably coupled with the voltage divider and the connector, wherein the processor is configured to: receive an indicator indicating a first voltage of a first power from the external electronic device; select a voltage division ratio from the three or more division ratios, based at least in part on the indicator; and control the plurality of switches on the basis of the selected voltage division ratio, and wherein the voltage divider is configured to: charge a rechargeable battery with a second voltage by dividing the first voltage according to the selected voltage division ratio.