A semiconductor wafer inspection system includes a wafer chuck disposed inside a chamber and on which a wafer is disposed, a light source configured to emit light for inspecting a pattern on the wafer to the wafer, an inspection controller configured to control the driving of the light source, a cooling gas gun disposed adjacent to the light source and configured to spray a cooling gas on a surface of the wafer, and a cooling controller configured to supply cooling air to the wafer chuck before light is emitted to the wafer and supply the cooling gas to the cooling gas gun.