A non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium-ion battery and a lithium-ion battery. The non-aqueous electrolyte includes an unsaturated phosphate compound and a cyclic unsaturated carboxylic anhydride compound. The unsaturated phosphate compound has a structure represented by structural formula (4). R13, R11 and R12 are each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and at least one of R13, R11 and R12 is an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having a double bond or a triple bond. The unsaturated cyclic carboxylic anhydride compound having a structure represented by Structural Formula 5. R14 is selected from the group consisting of an alkenylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a fluorinated alkenylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms. By means of the synergistic effect of two compounds, the non-aqueous electrolyte has excellent high-temperature cycling performance and storage performance, and also has lower impedance and good low-temperature performance.