In one example, a device for decoding video data includes one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: determine that a value for a syntax element representing a number of profile-tier-level (PTL) data structures in a video parameter set (VPS) of a bitstream is equal to a total number of output layer sets (OLSs) specified for the VPS; in response to determining that the value for the syntax element representing the number of profile-tier-level data structures in the VPS is equal to the total number of OLSs specified for the VPS, infer values for OLS PTL index values, without explicitly decoding values for the OLS PTL index values; and decode video data of one or more OLSs using corresponding PTL data structures of the PTL data structures in the VPS according to the inferred values for the OLS PTL index values.