Provided is a method for performing uplink data compression (UDC) by a user equipment (UE). The method includes receiving configuration information on UDC; generating a first UDC packet by compressing uplink data, based on the configuration information on UDC; transmitting the first UDC packet; receiving, from the base station, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer control information including checksum error information about whether a checksum error has occurred in the first UDC packet; and resetting a UDC buffer used in compressing the uplink data, based on the PDCP layer control information.