An electronic device and an authentication method in the electronic device are provided. The electronic device includes a communication circuit; and at least one processor operatively connected to the communication circuit. The at least one processor may be configured to confirm the occurrence of an authentication event for communication-related security data; in response to the occurrence of the authentication event, confirm at least one piece of communication-related security data stored in a designated area of the electronic device; transmit a certificate request message including the at least one confirmed piece of communication-related security data, to an authentication server by means of the communication circuit; receive a certificate, generated based on at least one communication-related security data included in the transmitted certificate request message from the authentication server through the communication circuit; and authenticate use authority of the communication-related security data, based on the received certificate.