A stacked structure is composed of a plurality of layers, and includes: a substrate; a plurality of conductive patterns printed on the substrate; and at least one layer of elastic nodules formed between two layers of the plurality of layers, the layer of elastic nodules including a sensing area being used for at least one of actuation or sensing. The stacked structure is formed by folding the substrate multiple times. The stacked structure further includes: an adhesive layer printed on but not completely covering the conductive patterns and substrate, and forming at least one air reservoir for holding air displaced when the sensing area is compressed. The stacked structure does not include electrically conducting through holes or electrically connecting structures.