A self-driving safety evaluation method, including determining RB based on a risk value of a vehicle in a shadow driving mode in a first measurement unit, where RB is a risk value of the vehicle in the shadow driving mode in a plurality of measurement units, and determining RC based on a risk value of the vehicle in a self-driving mode based on a preset route in the first measurement unit, where RC is a risk value of the vehicle in the self-driving mode based on the preset route in the measurement units, where RB and RC are used to determine whether safety of the vehicle in the self-driving mode meets a requirement.