An electronic device according to various embodiments, may include a speaker, a temperature sensor disposed in at least some area inside the speaker, and at least one processor configured to obtain a first temperature of the at least some area using the temperature sensor, obtain a second temperature based on measuring impedance of a voice coil included in the speaker, determine a temperature of the speaker based on at least one of the first temperature and the second temperature, and change a function of the electronic device based at least on the determined temperature of the speaker.