Provided is a surface-treated copper foil in which in order to avoid failures of electronic parts by corrosion, a high bond strength between an electrolytic copper foil and a resin base material can be maintained even when the surface-treated copper foil is exposed to corrosive gases and microparticles, and a method for manufacturing the same. The surface-treated copper foil of the present invention comprises an electrolytic copper foil, a roughened layer covering at least one surface side of the electrolytic copper foil, and a rust preventive layer further covering the roughened layer, wherein the rust preventive layer is at least one surface of the surface-treated copper foil; the rust preventive layer comprises at least a nickel layer; and the thickness of the nickel layer is 0.8 to 4.4 g/m2 in terms of mass per unit area of nickel; and the noncontact roughness Spd of the rust preventive layer is 1.4 to 2.6 peaks/μm2 and the surface roughness RzJIS of the rust preventive layer is 1.0 to 2.5 μm. The method for manufacturing the surface-treated copper foil forms the roughened layer having higher roughnesses than the noncontact roughness Spd and surface roughness RzJIS on one surface of the electrolytic copper foil, and thereafter forming the rust preventive layer meeting the predetermined condition.