The present application relates to the technical field of fiber winding control, and provides a tension control method of a multi-bundle winding equipment combined driving system, which solves the problem that the tension fluctuates greatly and cannot be output constantly in the fiber winding process. The method includes: establishing a tension control system fractional order mathematical model; establishing a time-varying fractional order PID controller; inputting a target tension value and an unknown external interference to the tension control system fractional order mathematical model, and outputting a real-time tension value; and calculating a difference between the target tension value and the real-time tension value and then inputting the difference into the time-varying fractional order PID controller, inputting an output value of the time-varying fractional order PID controller and the unknown external interference into the tension control system fractional order mathematical model, and outputting a real-time tension value until the real-time tension value output by the tension control system fractional order mathematical model approaches the target tension value. The tension value output by the control system according to the present application can be well stabilized near the target tension value; and the system has high robustness when the tension changes suddenly.