An electronic device according to an embodiment may include a first sensor, a communication circuit, a processor operatively coupled to the first sensor and the communication circuit, and a memory operatively coupled to the processor. The memory may store instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to: determine whether calibration is required for a second sensor of a stylus pen, based on a specified condition; identify that the stylus pen is aligned to a specified position of the electronic device; in response to identifying that the stylus pen is aligned to the specified position of the electronic device and determining that the calibration is required, collect situation information by using the first sensor; and transmit a calibration command to the stylus pen through the communication circuit, based on the situation information.