A composite catalyst is provided. The composite catalyst includes a first catalytic material incorporated with a second catalytic material, wherein the first catalytic material comprises carbon doped with (i) nitrogen and (ii) at least one non-precious transition metal, and wherein the second catalytic material comprises a carbon-based supporting material incorporated with platinum nanoparticles. A method of producing the composite catalyst is also provided. The method includes providing a mixture comprising the first catalytic material and the second catalytic material, and subjecting the mixture to a size reduction step. The first catalytic material and a method of producing the first catalytic material are disclosed herein.