An electronic device and a method are provided for recording audio data acquired from multiple devices. The electronic device includes a microphone, a communication module, a memory, and a processor configured to establish a first communication link with a first external electronic device through the communication module, establish a second communication link with a second external electronic device through the communication module, acquire a microphone input signal by operating the microphone based on receiving a recording request from the first external electronic device, monitor a transmission environment with the communication module or the second external electronic device, determine a bit rate of audio, based on the transmission environment, encode the audio, based on the determined bit rate, and transmit the encoded audio data to the first external electronic device.