The present application discloses an airborne positioning method and system for an aviation navigation network, and relates to the technical field of satellite navigation. The airborne positioning method for an aviation navigation network is applied to an omnisource navigation system, and comprises the following steps: acquiring the original observation data of the omnisource navigation system; Filtering the original observation data based on dead reckoning to obtain filtered observation data; Unify that filtered observation data in time and space to obtain observation data to be fused; The adaptive fusion algorithm of omnisource navigation based on variance optimization is adopted to fuse the observation data to be fused to obtain the fused data; the fused data is used to characterize the position of the target aircraft at the current moment. The present application can improve the accuracy of the positioning result.