A method of compensating for luminance of a display device includes determining position compensation values of each of panel blocks for measurement grayscale values based on a difference between luminance of a reference panel block and luminance of the each of the panel blocks for the measurement grayscale values, generating a first gamma curve for a first driving frequency and the position compensation values of the each of the panel blocks for the measurement grayscale values, generating a second gamma curve for a second driving frequency and the luminance of the panel blocks for the measurement grayscale values at the first driving frequency, and compensating for input image data based on the first gamma curve and the second gamma curve.