Embodiments of a composite structure are provided, the composite structure including: a substrate layer, a conductive layer and an overlayer. The conductive layer is disposed between the overlayer and the substrate layer. The substrate layer may comprise a material that is optically transparent over at least a part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 180 nm to 20 μm. The conductive layer includes a thickness of 10 nm or greater, a resistivity of 10 Ω-cm or less, and is an optically translucent or opaque over at least a part of the electromagnetic spectrum from 180 nm to 20 μm.