A composite material structure, including an outer layer, an inner layer, and a middle layer, is provided. The outer layer includes a metallic material. The inner layer includes a fiber material and a resin material. The outer layer has a first thickness, the inner layer has a second thickness, and the first thickness is different from the second thickness. The middle layer includes an adhesive material and is disposed between the outer layer and the inner layer. Two opposite surfaces of the middle layer are respectively in direct contact with the outer layer and the inner layer. A manufacturing method of the composite material structure is also provided.