A transmission apparatus, a reception apparatus, a transmission method, a reception method, and a program by which whether or not a GDR technology is to be used can be suitably controlled according to a situation are provided. An acquisition unit sequentially acquires a frame image drawn in a frame buffer. A GDR usage determination unit determines, on the basis of the frame image or a communication situation, whether or not the GDR is to be used. An encode processing unit encodes, according to the determination as to whether or not the GDR is to be used, the frame image into any one of an ordinary I-frame and data including an I-slice in the GDR. A transmission unit transmits the I-frame or the data including an I-slice.