Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, provide a system including at least one data processor and at least one memory storing instructions which, when executed by the at least one data processor, cause operations comprising: generating, by a database execution engine, a query plan including a plurality of operators; inserting, by the database execution engine, an enforce compilation operator into the query plan that includes the plurality of operators, the plurality of operators comprising a first operator, the enforce compilation operator, and a second operator; executing at least the first operator of the query plan; in response to executing the first operator, evaluating, by the database execution engine, an output of the first operator to determine whether a condition is satisfied; and in response to the condition being satisfied, triggering, by the database execution engine, a just-in-time compilation of the second operator.