The present disclosure discloses a rail corrugation recognition method and apparatus based on a support vector machine, a device, and a medium. The method includes: obtaining wheel-rail noise signals in different time periods, and obtaining wheel-rail noise time domain information; dividing the wheel-rail noise time domain information into segmented wheel-rail noise time domain information corresponding to each of the different time periods; preprocessing each piece of segmented wheel-rail noise time domain information, and extracting a time domain statistical characteristic quantity and frequency domain eigenmode energy of each piece of segmented wheel-rail noise time domain information, to obtain a multi-dimensional wheel-rail noise characteristic vector; constructing a rail corrugation state recognition model based on a support vector machine, and training the rail corrugation state recognition model; and recognizing to-be-recognized wheel-rail noise data by using the rail corrugation state recognition model based on a support vector machine, to obtain a rail corrugation state.