Substrates, in particular a substrate of glass, ceramic, plastic and metal and glazed or enamelled substrates, with a self-cleaning surface comprise an at least partly superficially hydrophobic structured (elevations and depressions) coating located on the substrate. Substrates according to the invention comprise particles with an average diameter of less than 100 nm, in particular 5 to less than 50 nm, for formation of the structure of the coating. Compositions according to the invention which are employed for the production of the structured coating of substrates according to the invention comprise, in addition to the structure-forming particles, a layer-forming material in a weight ratio of 100:1 to 1:2, in particular 20:1 to 1:1. In addition to having good self-cleaning properties, the coating is distinguished by its transparency. The use of the substrates is aimed in particular at the most diverse glass articles.