The invention relates to a method, a system and a pneumatic wheel for measuring the deformations of the casing of a tyre in operation, for the purpose of taking appropriate corrective action on the vehicle driving and/or control system by comparing the said measured deformations with predetermined values of the deformations. More specifically, the method implements the steps of: measuring the extent of the characteristic deformations of the casing profile of at least one tyre fitted on the vehicle, at a given inflation pressure, comparing the values of these characteristic deformations with stored values representing the behaviour of the tyre in the measured state of deformation, generating a signal for acting on at least one device regulating at least one mechanism for controlling the attitude of the said vehicle in motion, corresponding to the action which has to be taken on the said mechanism to keep the said behaviour of the vehicle within the limits of a predetermined behaviour or to bring it back within these limits.