There is provided a topical lightening composition having carboxylmethyl cysteamine as a melanin synthesis-regulating agent and a cosmetically acceptable vehicle. Also, there is provided a topical lightening composition having N, N, S (tris) carboxylmethyl cysteamine and a cosmetically acceptable vehicle. In addition, there is provided a topical lightening composition having carboxylmethyl cysteamine, preferably N, N, S (tris) carboxylmethyl cysteamine, and an additional lightening agent and a cosmetically acceptable vehicle. The compositions and methods of the invention are effective to lighten skin, hair, lips, and/or nails.