Methods of treating, preventing, modifying and/or managing fibromyalgia and related conditions are disclosed. Specific embodiments encompass the administration of thalidomide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, stereoisomer, clathrate, or prodrug thereof, alone or in combination with a second active agent and/or physical or psychological therapy. Pharmaceutical compositions, single unit dosage forms, and kits suitable for use in the methods of the invention are also disclosed.