An exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine comprises a conduit for carrying a flowing exhaust gas, at least one filter for particulate matter, an oxidation catalyst for oxidising nitrogen monoxide (NO) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) which catalyst is disposed upstream of the at least one filter, means for limiting flow of an exhaust gas in the conduit comprising a cut-off valve disposed in the conduit and control means selectively to operate the means for increasing the back-pressure thereby to increase the temperature in the system.