Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments can provide for comprehensive erase verification and defect detection in non-volatile semiconductor memory. In one embodiment, the results of erasing a group of storage elements is verified using a plurality of test conditions to better detect defective and/or insufficiently erased storage elements of the group. For example, the results of erasing a NAND string can be verified by testing charging of the string in a plurality of directions with the storage elements biased to turn on if in an erased state. If a string of storage elements passes a first test process or operation but fails a second test process or operation, the string can be determined to have failed the erase process and possibly be defective. By testing charging or conduction of the string in a plurality of directions, defects in any transistors of the string that are masked under one set of conditions may be exposed under a second set of bias conditions. For example, a string may pass an erase verification operation but then be read as including one or more programmed storage elements. Such a string can be defective and mapped out of the memory device.