Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving data in a multi-user multi-antenna communication system. A data transmitting apparatus and method computes a RX filter or a TX filter for each user receiver in an improved scheme, selects a codebook correlating with the computed TX filter or the computed RX filter, and transmits an index of the selected TX filter codebook or an index of the selected RX filter codebook to a receiver. A data receiving apparatus and method receives the codebook index and detects a corresponding RX filter from the codebook by using the received codebook index.