The present invention provides a process for producing a dipeptide other than D-alanyl-D-alanine and D-alanyl-D-serine using, as an enzyme source, a culture of a microorganism having the ability to produce a protein having D-alanine-D-alanine ligase activity or a treated matter of the culture, and a process for producing a dipeptide comprising D-amino acid using, as enzyme sources, a culture of a microorganism having the ability to produce the D-amino acid or a treated matter of the culture and a culture of a microorganism having the ability to produce a protein having D-alanine-D-alanine ligase activity or a treated matter of the culture.