A medical artificial nerve graft containing silk fibroin used in bridging of nerve damage and its preparation method. The medical artificial nerve graft comprised of vessel or comprised of vessel and fibre scaffold, wherein at least one of the vessel and the fibre scaffold contains component of silk fibroin, and the wall of the vessel has three-dimensional structure provided with numerous microaptures. The preparation method includes the following steps: silk is used to prepare silk fibre; the silk fibroin fibre is used to prepare the vessel or the fibre scaffold containing silk fibroin; and combining the fibre scaffold with the vessel i.e. inlaying the fibre scaffold into the vessel and so on.