The present invention relates to a method for coating substrates, comprising the steps: a) provision of a substrate, b) application of a composition to at least one side of the substrate, the composition containing an inorganic compound and the inorganic compound containing at least one metal and/or semi-metal selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Nb, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, B, Al, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Zn, Pb, Sb, Bi or mixtures thereof and at least one element selected from the group consisting of Te, Se, S, O, Sb, As, P, N, C, Ga or mixtures thereof, c) drying of the composition applied in step b), d) application of at least one coating to the at least one side of the substrate on which the composition was applied in step b), the coating containing a silane of the general formula (Z1)Si(OR)3, where Z1 is R, OR or Gly (Gly=3-glycidyloxypropyl) and R is an alkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and all R may be identical or different, oxide particles which are selected from the oxides of Ti, Si, Zr, Al, Y, Sn, Zn, Ce or mixtures thereof, an initiator and optionally zinc, zinc salts, zinc complexes, silver, silver salts and/or complexed silver, and e) drying of the coating applied in step d), f) application of at least one further coating to the at least one side of the substrate on which the coating was applied in step d), the further coating containing a silane of the general formula (Z1)Si(OR)3, where Z1 is R, OR or Gly (Gly=3-glycidyloxypropyl) and R is an alkyl radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and all R may be identical or different, an antimicrobial and/or biocidal substance selected from substances containing Zn, Zn salts, Zn complexes, such as, for example, zinc acetylacetonate, Zr, Ag, Ag salts, Ag complexes, Sn, Sn compounds or mixtures thereof, and an initiator, and g) drying of the further coating applied in step f), and a substrate obtainable by the abovementioned method.