In a rubber-filler composite, the filler is uniformly finely dispersed, thereby improving low heat build-up, fatigue resistance and processability of a rubber composition. The rubber-filler composite is obtained by irradiating a filler slurry containing a filler such as carbon black or silica with high amplitude ultrasonic waves having amplitude of 80 μm or more to finely disperse the filler in the slurry, and mixing the dispersion-treated filler slurry with a rubber latex such as a natural rubber latex while conducting irradiation with high amplitude ultrasonic waves having amplitude of 80 μm or more, followed by coagulating and drying.